For example, concerning the parameter of per capita income growth, development economist Ha-Joon Chang writes that considering the record of the last two decades the argument for continuing neo-liberal policy prescriptions are "simply untenable."
The world income per head has increased by more over period 2002–2007 than during any other period on the record. Recently there has been some discussion behind the movement about the role of the social forums. Police have subsequently been accused of brutality, torture and interference with the non-violent protests as a collateral damage provoked by the clash between the law enforcement ranks themselves and the more violent and brutal fringes of protesters, who repeatedly hid themselves amongst peaceful protesters of all ages and backgrounds. The origin of the globalization movement was assumed to provide a framework for global equality and integration [10].
Participants base their criticisms on a number of related ideas. Other anti-war demonstrations were organized by the antiglobalization movement: see for example the large demonstration, organized against the impending war in Iraq, which closed the first European Social Forum in November 2002 in Florence, Italy. All this leads to environmental degradation and growing inequalities in income distribution. In 2006 it was held in three cities: Caracas, Venezuela, Bamako, Mali, and Karachi, Pakistan. The protests forced the cancellation of the opening ceremonies and lasted the length of the meeting until December 3. One argument often made by the opponents of the anti-globalization movement (especially by The Economist), is that one of the major causes of poverty amongst third-world farmers are the trade barriers put up by rich nations and poor nations alike. Their impact goes far and wide and the WFTO is their global community. The WTO has promoted and developed the institutional foundations for ‘free trade’ as the important implications on the modes of production: free movement of goods and services together with the free movement of capital but not the free movement of labour. The drive was called the Carnival Against Capital, or J18 for short. In response, the nationalist movements against globalization argue that the leftist anti-globalization position is actually support for alter-globalization.
Despite the huge trade volumes – and profits – generated by globalization, Africa’s share of global trade since 1970 has fallen from 4.4% to 2.7%. According to Encyclopedia of Political Theory [4], ‘the goals of the fair trade movement include improving the livelihoods and well-being of small producers; promoting development opportunities for disadvantaged groups of producers, in particular women and indigenous people; raising awareness among consumers of the negative effects of patterns of international trade on producers in the Global South; campaigning for changes in the regulatory regimes governing international trade; and the protection and promotion of human rights. Le Monde Diplomatique 's editor, Ignacio Ramonet's, expression of "the one-way thought" (pensée unique) became slang against neoliberal policies and the Washington consensus.[21].
The anti-globalization movement, or counter-globalization movement,[1] is a social movement critical of economic globalization.
[11] Common targets include the World Bank (WB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) and free trade treaties like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), the Trans Pacific Trade Agreement (TPPA), the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Congressional Research Service, 2010. The international fair trade movement consists of certification agencies, producer organizations and cooperatives, trading networks, and retailers’. Over 600 protesters were arrested and thousands were injured.
For example, some see the World Bank and the IMF as corrupt bureaucracies which have given repeated loans to dictators who never do any reforms.
The most widely used fair trade certification is Fairtrade International (FLO), the International Fairtrade Certification Mark, used in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand (equivalent standard in North American is Fair Trade Certification Mark). For others, globalization is better thought of as global economic integration, […] cross-border flows of capital, goods, labour, and firms who creating genuinely global markets, which in turn accentuate the permeability of national economic borders’ [9]. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications.
After the November 2000 G20 protest in Montreal, at which many protesters were beaten, trampled, and arrested in what was intended to be a festive protest, the tactic of dividing protests into "green" (permitted), "yellow" (not officially permitted but with little confrontation and low risk of arrest), and "red" (involving direct confrontation) zones was introduced. Various international agencies sought to specify the characteristics of good governance. Others would prefer that delegates concentrate their efforts on the coordination and organization of the movement and on the planning of new campaigns. According to him, while the first two visions (the alter-globalism and the anti-globalism) represent the reconstructed forms of old and new left ideologies, respectively, in the context of current globalization, only the third one has shown the capacity to respond more effectively to the intellectual requirements of today's global complexities. No Logo, the book by the Canadian journalist Naomi Klein who criticized the production practices of multinational corporations and the omnipresence of brand-driven marketing in popular culture, has become "manifesto"[25] of the movement, presenting in a simple way themes more accurately developed in other works.
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