On 3 July 1093, Robert of Rhuddlan was killed in a skirmish by his Welsh foes, led – at least according to Orderic – by Gruffudd ap Cynan.
They spread a unique Romanesque idiom to England, Italy and Ireland, and the encastellation of these regions with keeps in their north French style fundamentally altered the military landscape. In the final decade of the 11th and first of the 12th century, Normandy experienced a golden age of illustrated manuscripts, but it was brief and the major scriptoria of Normandy ceased to function after the midpoint of the century. Bruce was waiting for him, and at Bannockburn, just south of Stirling, Edward's army of 23,000 men suffered a terrible defeat. Even before the Norman Conquest of England, the Normans had come into contact with Wales. But the victory seems short-lived for in 1085 the Ulster annals recorded the ‘happy death’ of Malsnechtai ‘king of Moray’, and the history of the area is then obscure for over forty years. They are ‘entirely bred up to the use of arms’, commented Gerald of Wales, almost echoing the Conqueror’s dying remarks about himself.
Normans in Scotland .
However, despite signing this treaty Edward, like his father and grandfather before him, was determined to conquer Scotland. Their troops were gathered in Normandy, Gascony and were later reinforced by Castilian colonists. On a day-to-day basis, the consolidation and continuation of the conquest of Wales were left to knightly tenants with no more resources than their Welsh opponents. In Deheubarth, the latter included Ceredigion, Dyfed, Yystrad Tywi, and Glamorgan, the last with kings of its own. Rollo's contingents from Scandinavia who raided and ultimately settled Normandy and parts of the European Atlantic coast included Danes, Norwegians, Norse–Gaels, Orkney Vikings, possibly Swedes, and Anglo-Danes from the English Danelaw territory which earlier came under Norse control in the early 11th century. Other Norman names, such as Furlong, predominate[clarification needed] there. The nobility of England were part of a single Norman culture and many had lands on both sides of the channel. Here, as with Orkney and Shetland, the nominal overlord, formally recognized from 1098, was not the king of Scots at all, but the king of Norway. Until his final demise in 1093, Rhys’s problems were less with the Normans than with his Welsh rivals whom he defeated and killed (after a period of exile in Ireland) in 1088 and 1091. This upset the other claimants who argued that Edward only selected Balliol because he had a weak character and was easy to control.
He intervened in the English Anarchy for both personal gains and to support the Empress Matilda, even taking over northern England for a bit - because of how Anglo-Norman his administration was, arguably he just stepped into the void created by the Anarchy and governed northern England as a Norman king would! Whilst I can't comment on how likely it is for your family to have Norman roots, I can tell you that plenty of Normans settled in Scotland. South-west Wales, ‘which was not in their power before that’, as the Brut put it, thus came under Norman rule. Later evidence shows that Welsh rulers could raise armies of foot several thousand strong, exploiting the obligation on all freemen to perform military service as needed within the kingdom and for a period of six weeks a year outside it. In 1296, under pressure from his powerful lords, John Balliol told Edward that he was renouncing the homage that he had made to him.
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