Emerging Roles of Urine-Based Tumor DNA Analysis in Bladder Cancer Management. Neoadjuvant Dose-dense Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Results of a Phase 2 Trial. Eur Urol, 2017. Do not use the term ‘superficial' bladder cancer. 14.Chavan, S., et al. Han, R.F., et al. Two other meta-analyses have suggested a possible bias in favour of BCG arising from the inclusion of patients previously treated with intravesical chemotherapy [239]. 19: 39. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22050425. 23: 4963. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15939920. Cancer Causes Control, 2019. 33: 21 e1. Practice patterns of pelvic lymph node dissection for radical cystectomy from the Veterans Affairs Central Cancer Registry (VACCR). Economic impacts of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy shortage and the proposed solutions for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder Cancer in Aseer Province, Saudi Arabia. 299.Rozet F, L.G., Cathelineau X, et al. Treatment paradigm shift may improve survival of patients with high risk superficial bladder cancer. Eur Urol, 2012. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol), 2006. 77: 36. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8653315. 193. 190: 315. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8284375. Pseudo-progression has not been demonstrated in urothelial cancer. 110.Kim, S.H., et al. The associations between body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and BC risk significantly differed between men and women [, The exact risk is not known, but it seems to be higher if the tumour is located on the trigone or bladder neck, with concomitant bladder CIS, and in the case of multiple tumours [. Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with adverse features and variant histology at radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive carcinoma of the bladder: Does histologic subtype matter? 24: 296. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16518661. Impact of renal impairment on eligibility for adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Oncotarget, 2017. Extended lymphadenectomy includes all LNs in the region of the aortic bifurcation, and presacral and common iliac vessels medial to the crossing ureters. 2017 Mar;71(3):447-461. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.05.041. 24: 688. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30728277. The use of a bladder diagram is recommended. Cancer, 2004. of bladder cancer (primary detection), 5.7.3Surveillance of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, 5.7.3.1Follow-up of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, 5.7.3.2Follow-up of low/intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive J Clin Oncol, 1993. After cystectomy, is it justified to perform a bladder replacement for patients with lymph node positive bladder cancer? Randomized, double-blind study of denosumab versus zoledronic acid in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced cancer (excluding breast and prostate cancer) or multiple myeloma. The worldwide age-standardised incidence rate (per 100,000 person/years) is 9.0 for men and 2.2 for women [8]. Eur Urol. 1896. Omit a single immediate instillation of chemotherapy in any case of overt or suspected bladder perforation or bleeding requiring bladder irrigation. Comperat, E., et al. BJU Int, 2007. 153. biopsies and pathology report, 6.3Patient stratification into risk groups, 6.5Summary of evidence and guidelines for stratification of non-muscle-invasive 107. While pathological response rates (< pT2) in the range of 45%-57% were achieved, one trial had to be closed prematurely due to high rates of severe vascular events [254]. Escalated MVAC with or without recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor for the initial treatment of advanced malignant urothelial tumors: results of a randomized trial. The second autopsy study focused on the nodal yield when super-extended pelvic LN dissection (LND) was performed. Cancer, 2017. Since then, the guidelines have been continuously updated. 76: 671. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451964. Alternatively, offer treatment within a clinical trial setting. This 2013 EAU Muscle-invasive and Metastatic BCa guidelines updated summary aims to increase the quality of care and outcome for patients with muscle-invasive or metastatic BCa. 64: 837. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22877503. Intra-operative, 30-day complication rate and mortality were similar for RARC and ORC, but 90-day complication rates of any-grade and 90-day grade 3 complication rates favoured RARC. 2017 Jun;71(6):e173-e174. Gemcitabine, paclitaxel, pemetrexed and other newer agents in urothelial and kidney cancers. On the other hand, patients with locally advanced disease or LN involvement are at a higher risk of recurrence for more than 20 years [615]. The Boston group reported on their experience in 66 patients with variant histologies treated with MMT and found similar complete response, OS, DSS and salvage cystectomy rates as in UC [463]. Eur Urol, 2006. 175: 881. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16469571. Diagnosis depends on cystoscopy and histologic evaluation of the tissue obtained by transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) in papillary tumours or by multiple bladder biopsies in CIS. Pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab have demonstrated similar efficacy and safety in patients progressing during, or after, standard platinum-based chemotherapy in phase I, II and III trials. 99. 520.Albers, P., et al. In difficult cases, an additional review by an experienced genitourinary pathologist can be considered. 238.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MPDL3280A (anti-PD-L1) treatment leads to clinical activity in metastatic bladder cancer. J Urol, 2005. 66: 120. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24613684. Prognostic role of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC): A systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int, 2010. 175: 1641. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16600720. 241. 37: 44. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30433852. The diagnosis of papillary BC ultimately depends on cystoscopic examination of the bladder and histological evaluation of sampled tissue by either cold-cup biopsy or resection. Teleka, S., et al. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: Geriatric Assessment Methods for Clinical Decision-making. 199: 401. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27207387. 17: 3173. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10506615. Perlis, N., et al. In papillary lesions, a complete TURB is essential for the patient's prognosis and correct diagnosis. A cross-sectional bi-institutional study found in multivariable analysis that patients who received trimodality therapy (n = 64) had higher physical-, social-, emotional- and cognitive functioning, better general QoL, sexual function and body image than patients after RC (n = 109). The 3-month clinical response to intravesical therapy as a predictive factor for progression in patients with high risk superficial bladder cancer. 146.de Groot, V., et al. 376: 1015. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28212060. Br J Urol, 1996. Demand management in urine cytology: a single cytospin slide is sufficient. Eur Urol, 2016. Second-line response rates of single agent treatment with paclitaxel (weekly), docetaxel, nab-paclitaxel [532] oxaliplatin, ifosfamide, topotecan, pemetrexed, lapatinib, gefitinib and bortezomib have ranged between 0% and 28% in small phase II trials [528,533,534].
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