";s:4:"text";s:10874:" The DALY difference among different age groups between male and female subjects showed a bimodal distribution, with peaks on 5–9 years and 55–59 years (Additional file 1: Figure S14). 2017;390:1151–210. These differences are due to a combination of demographic, environmental and other unidentified factors. %���� In summary, developed areas had higher incidence, lower mortality rates, whereas underdeveloped areas had lower incidence rate and higher mortality rates.
Cartwright RA, Watkins G. Epidemiology of Hodgkin’s disease: a review. Liu Z, Jiang Y, Yuan H, Fang Q, Cai N, Suo C, et al. In addition, we found a non-significant correlation between EAPC and SDI (ρ = − 0.13, p = 0.06, Fig. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. Springer Nature. Morton LM, Slager SL, Cerhan JR, Wang SS, Vajdic CM, Skibola CF et al (2014) Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes project. <> Gao S, Yang WS, Bray F, Va P, Zhang W, Gao J, et al. 2003;96:153–4. Glaser SL, Jarrett RF.
Epidemiologic patterns of Hodgkin’s disease. The data released from the Global Health Data Exchange query did not require informed patient consent. 1996;9:401–16. Epstein-barr virus in Hodgkin’s disease: correlation of risk factors and disease characteristics with molecular evidence of viral infection.
In the majority of cases, strong risk factors are not identifiable. ?� *X7 $ҜI&-�tiҨ�}����=�xw��:~}��l�&]=�� 1C:ᬮk�h�,�C P������t�kg���8:�l:]�V��۰k����x���U�G��'^�� �BHO&myq����#�?��������=F��4��S�Um�+[�7�D Previous epidemiological studies of HL were conducted before the twenty-first century or focused on individual or several countries [7]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-019-0799-1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-019-0799-1. 2000;82:1117–21. Cancer Res. The mortality and DALY age distribution difference between male and female subjects was similar to that of incidence. 1990;66:2196. Cancer.
risk 0-74 (%) New cases Cum. Incidence in most countries had a bimodal distribution of age. EBV was usually found in 70% of HL mixed cellularity (morphological type common in childhood and in the elderly), and there was a male bias in EBV associated HL patients, which may explain the biggest difference in the proportion of boys and girls in the low SDI regions [24,25,26]. Ann Oncol.
Lancet. As shown in Fig. Jun Lyu or Zhijun Dai. 2012;27:39–46. As for the higher incidence in developed countries, it was likely more due to higher proportion of nodular sclerosis subtypes (accounting for about 70% of HL cases in the developed countries), for lacking explanatory factors [27, 28]. In GCO, we found that the incidence of HL in Australia, North America, and Europe was the highest and the mortality in Africa and Asia was the lowest.
risk 0-74 (%) New cases Cum. Last, due to the lack of relevant data, no further study was conducted on the etiology and risk information related to HL, which might better explain the changing trend and age distribution of HL and help local governments formulate more detailed policies to reduce the incidence of HL. PubMed Google Scholar. Epidemiology of Hodgkin’s disease. endobj The authors declare that they have no competing interests. 5c and Additional file 1: Figure S13, the DALY rate showed a unimodal distribution in male subjects and a bimodal distribution in female subjects. The three countries with the highest age-standardized DALY rate were Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan; the three countries with the lowest age-standardized DALY rate were Sao Tome and Principe, Syria, and South Korea; details were shown in Additional file 1: Table S5, Additional file 1: Table S8, and Additional file 1: Figure S5–S8. Google Scholar. Despite this plateau, the number of new cases in many countries will increase significantly in coming years due primarily to aging populations. Moreover, in recent years, new treatment schedule and the improvement in supportive nursing measures had led to an unprecedented long-term cure rate of HL treatment, which further promoted this trend [29, 30]. 2004;22:11–26. On observation from the GBD regions and countries level, age-standardized DALY rate in most regions declined and no country had a rising trend. J Natl Cancer Inst. A dramatic increase in NHL incidence was seen starting around 1970, with subsequent stabilization 10 years ago. Risk factors for Hodgkin’s disease by epstein-barr virus (ebv) status: prior infection by EBV and other agents.
For instance, ASIR of Lebanon and Greece on the Mediterranean coast was much higher than that in other countries. Cancer Res. \( \mathrm{ASR}=\frac{\sum_{i=1}^A{a}_i{w}_i}{\sum_{i=1}^A{w}_i}\times \mathrm{100,000} \), http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-019-0799-1. The mortality of HL was higher in Africa and lower in Eastern Asia, Europe, and Australia. 2019;70:674–83. 1966;26(6):1189–201. Compared with lower and decreasing ASIR in the low SDI region, ASIR in the high SDI region was always high, signifying the need for larger investment in research to reduce the incidence of HL in developed countries. And the low SDI country should attach importance to improve HL treatment and prolong patient life. The proportion of annual young incidences and deaths in all HL cases decreased year by year, while the proportion of elderly incidences and deaths cases increased. The incidence in female and male subjects aged 15–30 years old was close. ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; … J R Soc Med. The lowest incidence of HL was in childhood, which was consistent with a previous study [21]. Interestingly, the countries with the highest or lowest incidence or mortality were mostly coastal or island countries. Semin Oncol. statement and 2015;56:1278–85. Previous study has shown a significant increase in the incidence of HL in some populations, such as those with infectious mononucleosis or direct relatives with HD cases. Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China, Linghui Zhou, Yujiao Deng, Na Li, Yi Zheng, Zhen Zhai, Si Yang, Ying Wu & Zhijun Dai, Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, China, Linghui Zhou, Yujiao Deng, Na Li, Yi Zheng, Tian Tian, Zhen Zhai, Si Yang, Qian Hao, Ying Wu, Dingli Song, Dai Zhang & Zhijun Dai, Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, China, You can also search for this author in Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. We also observed a phenomenon that the higher the SDI, the lower the proportion of children and higher the proportion of the elderly, which confirmed this conjecture.
Cancer incidence and mortality statistics worldwide and by region Incidence Mortality Both sexes Males Females Both sexes Males Females New cases Cum. Correspondence to: Dr Kate R Shankland, Weston Park Hospital, Whitham Road, Sheffield S10 2SJ, UK Ansell SM. However, male and female subjects of different ages had different burdens. Previous study also found that childhood HL was associated with living conditions [27]. ZZ, SY, QH, and YW performed the figures and tables. These differences have to be taken into account for policymakers to allocate limited resources and formulate relevant policies more rationally. For the countries with higher ASDR in 1990, the change in ASDR is more significant.
5b and Additional file 1: Figure S11, mortality showed a unimodal distribution and increased in people aged 50+ years. CAS <> stream The causes of this phenomenon are still unclear and require further study. To our knowledge, this study presents the latest trends and patterns of global incidence, mortality, and DALY of HL from 1990 to 2017, based on GBD 2017 results. Global cancer statistics 2018: Globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. For the high mortality rate of HL in Africa, African countries should pay more attention to the treatment of HL.
The results could be explained as countries with higher ASDR were more likely to consider HL as a top priority in prevention plans, due to the public health factor. 2018;68:394–424. The number of DALYs was stable over the past 28 years, and the age-standardized DALY rate decreased significantly with an EAPC of − 2.29 (95% CI, from − 2.36 to − 2.21), dropping from 31.51/100,000 persons (95% UI, 23.56–34.73) in 1990 to 17.77/100,000 persons (95% UI, 14.87–20.93) in 2017 (Table 3). The proportion of annual young deaths decreased year by year, while the proportion of elderly deaths increased year by year, as shown in Additional file 1: Figure S4B. Am J Hematol. On observation from the GBD regions and countries level, ASDR in most regions declined and no country had a rising ASDR. }��7��w+ @+�~HA����q��R�k���~N�8r @�@�. Article