Log in, explored the literature on these pathways in 2010. 2012. Revised by the Elders Circle (Council of Aboriginal Initiatives) on November 6, 2014. Ware JE, Kosinski M, Keller SD. In recent years, governments in Asia have introduced many laws that would allow companies to employ workers with more flexibility and less security. The datasets analyzed in the current study are not publicly available because they belong to institutional entities such as the Italian Regions and the National Institute of Statistics, but are obtainable from the corresponding author on reasonable request. : anhedonia is not investigated by the SF-12). Policies and regulations to combat precarious employment. Using the questions on the type of employment in the two studies, three categories of employment were defined: i) subjects employed in a permanent job (Permanent); ii) subjects employed in a fixed-term job (Temporary); iii) subjects with a precarious job (Precarious). Social Sci Med. Interaction between biological and social factors could be an alternative explanation for the observed gender differences in Italy, but the literature evidence on this last hypothesis is divergent and non-final. 2011 Oct;119(10):1364-72. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1003164. However, this would apply only to high-skilled workers, whereas, in all other cases, it seems that flexible employment has rather negative consequences on both professional and private life as well as on health, due to structural uncertainty resulting from contractual uncertainty, income instability, and worse working conditions [6, 7]. J Epidemiol Community Health. The main topics included are lifestyles, perceived health status, work and economic situation of the individual, as well as the use of health services, including access to the emergency department, medical consultations, hospital admissions, and homecare assistance. Google Scholar. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. All analyses were performed using STATA V13. Methodology: GF FF EF FR. Precarious employment is an emerging social determinant that affects the health of workers and their families. Four major themes emerged: Healthy Aspects of Work, Systemic/Structural Injustices, Lack of Control/Exploitation, and Psychological/Physical Stress, which was a multidimensional, cross-cutting theme. Furthermore, more and more studies have documented, also in Italy [8], the health consequences of precarious employment, and most of these researches agree in attributing to job insecurity adverse effects on workers’ health, particularly mental health [6, 9, 10]. 2005;96(8):176–81. Murray LR. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Yet its study remains in its infancy. Those who replied «hardly» were considered people with economic difficulties. In particular, in Italy, the «Treu law», enacted in 1997, promoted work flexibility allowing temporary contracts and redesigning the apprenticeship, but with the result of increasing the possibility of job insecurity [2]. volume 19, Article number: 869 (2019) Carinci F, Menegatti E. Labour law and industrial relations in Italy. Int J Health Serv. Cookies policy. Flexible employment is increasing across Europe and recent studies show an association with poor mental health. Sheila joined Wellesley Institute in 2010 after more than 15 years of advocacy and research for organizations including the Ontario Federation of Labour and the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. Petersen MR, Deddens JA. | As expected, in both studies, precarious workers were younger and showed higher prevalence of females, singles and subjects without children, compared to permanent workers. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied, and findings were interpreted by a community-academic partnership. Progressi delle Aziende Sanitarie per la Salute in Italia. The survey is carried out during four different quarters in order to take into account the seasonal effect. This article reviews the definitions of precarious work, identifies those most affected, and discusses its consequences to workers’ safety, health and wellbeing. Data were obtained by two Italian cross-sectional studies (PASSI and HIS) aimed at monitoring the general population health status, health behaviours and determinants. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. Boya FÖ, Demiral Y, Ergör A, Akvardar Y, De Witte H. Effects of perceived job insecurity on perceived anxiety and depression in nurses. The MCS-12 score does not target a specific psychiatric condition, but it is a more general indicator of mental well-being. Table 2 shows the association between categories of employment and mental health status, separately by gender. Work organization, job insecurity, and occupational health disparities. Later in 2003, the «Biagi law» introduced additional forms of precarious employment, such as project-based and occasional contracts [2]. 2005;58(2):163–71. Soc Sci Res. We would like to acknowledge this sacred land on which the Wellesley Institute operates. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Associations of financial strain and income with depressive and anxiety disorders. NIH Washington, D.C.: National Planning Association; 1989. Ferrante, G., Fasanelli, F., Gigantesco, A. et al. Sareen J, Afifi TO, McMillan KA, Asmundson GJG. It is also well-recognized that economic difficulties are an important determinant of health, especially mental health [11, 12]. The results of our analyses showed that Italian male workers with precarious employment are more likely to have mental health problems than those with permanent employment, while this phenomenon is not observed among temporary workers. While that study’s 2006 results found that that poor quality jobs can be as bad for health as unemployment, by 2011 results showed that moving from unemployment to good jobs improved health while moving from unemployment to poor quality jobs can actually have a negative impact. 2008;28(8):9. Van Der weele T, Vansteelandt S. Mediation analysis with multiple mediators. PLoS One. Definition of type of employment in each of the two studies. Prevalence ratios (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance, weighting for a probability weight equal to the inverse of the sampling fraction, in order to obtain estimates generalizable to the Italian population [22]. During the 2008 global financial recession, that is known to have increased workers’ economic difficulties and reduced the possibility of finding a new job in case of dismissal, negative effects of the economic crisis on workers’ mental health and stress were observed [13]. Differences among employment categories are presented in Table 1. Economic uncertainty is a factor strongly associated with poor mental health. Financial strain and mental health among older adults during the great recession. Mental health status was assessed using alternatively two validated questionnaires (the PHQ-2 and the MCS-12 score) and Poisson regression models were performed to assess if precarious work was associated with poor mental These findings provide critical insight into community perceptions of the mechanisms by which work influences health, providing a basis for community-driven, sustainable, work-focused interventions that promote community health. Epidemiol Method. It would be appropriate to further investigate the phenomenon through more suitable tools than those available to us. 2014; Kalleberg 2009). National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy, Epidemiologia&Precariato, Group for the study of precarious work of the Italian Association of Epidemiology (AIE), Rome, Italy, Gianluigi Ferrante, Michele Marra, Nicolás Zengarini & Fulvio Ricceri, Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy, Centre of Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy, Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco (TO), Italy, Elisa Ferracin, Giuseppe Costa, Michele Marra, Nicolás Zengarini, Angelo d’Errico & Fulvio Ricceri, National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy, Benedetta Contoli, Maria Masocco & Valentina Minardi, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin , Grugliasco (TO), Italy, National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Rome, Italy, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy, You can also search for this author in The Law Commission’s report describes multiple pathways in which precarious work is harmful to our health: including risk of injury and illness, low income, and job insecurity and stress. Work Employ Soc. In this way, precarious work could play an important Interestingly, precarious workers also showed higher prevalence of subjects with higher occupational social class and with tertiary education. Springer Nature. Precarious employment with fixed-term contracts and low wages contributes to the economic strain, which in turn has consequences on mental health related quality of life and on the risk of symptoms of depression or dysthymia.
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