[351] However, healthcare is provided to all citizens and residents by a mixed public-private system. The city has been an important center of Roman Catholicism for centuries and is home to St. Peter's Basilica and the Vatican City. 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Its monetary policy is set by the European Central Bank. The country has long been a global centre of art, music, literature, philosophy, science and technology, and fashion, and has greatly influenced and contributed to diverse fields including cinema, cuisine, sports, jurisprudence, banking and business. [237], A gaping North–South divide is a major factor of socio-economic weakness. Futurism was succeeded by the metaphysical paintings of Giorgio de Chirico, who exerted a strong influence on the Surrealists and generations of artists to follow like Bruno Caruso and Renato Guttuso. [126][127][128] Also in the early 1990s, Italy faced significant challenges, as voters – disenchanted with political paralysis, massive public debt and the extensive corruption system (known as Tangentopoli) uncovered by the Clean Hands (Mani Pulite) investigation – demanded radical reforms. [263] The rest of the national demand is covered by fossil fuels (38.2% natural gas, 13% coal, 8.4% oil) and by imports. You might be interested in the venetian masks and their amazing history. [338], Soaring immigration in the last two decades has been accompanied by an increase in non-Christian faiths. This allowed the Sardinian government to declare a united Italian kingdom on 17 March 1861. [17][18] A unitary parliamentary republic with Rome as its capital, the country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. By the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural, political and religious centre, inaugurating the Pax Romana, a period of more than 200 years during which Italy's law, technology, economy, art, and literature developed. The distribution of immigrants is largely uneven in Italy: 87% live in the northern and central parts of the country (the most economically developed areas), while only 13% live in the southern half. [457] In addition, the Epiphany in Italy is associated with the folkloristic figure of the Befana, a broomstick-riding old woman who, in the night between 5 and 6 January, bringing good children gifts and sweets, and bad ones charcoal or bags of ashes. [331][332] Often incorrectly referred to as "the Vatican", the Holy See is not the same entity as the Vatican City State,[clarification needed] which came into existence only in 1929. From 2013 to 2018, the country took in over 700,000 migrants and refugees,[132] mainly from sub-Saharan Africa,[133] which caused great strain on the public purse and a surge in the support for far-right or eurosceptic political parties. [458] The Assumption of Mary coincides with Ferragosto on 15 August, the summer vacation period which may be a long weekend or most of the month. Excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period some 200,000 years ago,[56] while modern Humans appeared about 40,000 years ago at Riparo Mochi. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Although the threat of terrorism abated in the early 1980s, the attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II, who was shot by a Turkish gunman in Piazza San Pietro in 1981, shocked the city and the world. Venice in Italy is the only totally car free town, and this is a luxury that adds up to the uniqueness of this lagoon town! Some of these soon became small urban centres and were developed parallel to the Greek colonies; among the main centres there were the cities of Motya, Zyz (modern Palermo), Soluntum in Sicily and Nora, Sulci, and Tharros in Sardinia. Want to go for a luxury hotel? [228][229] It is a member of the Eurozone which represents around 330 million citizens. Tennis has a significant following in Italy, ranking as the fourth most practised sport in the country. [199] In 2010, the Italian military had 293,202 personnel on active duty,[200] of which 114,778 are Carabinieri. Invasions of the peninsula caused a chaotic succession of barbarian kingdoms and the so-called "dark ages". Because of the great longitudinal extension of the peninsula and the mostly mountainous internal conformation, the climate of Italy is highly diverse. Over 35% of the Italian territory is mountainous. [110][111][112][113] Yugoslav Partisans perpetrated their own crimes during and after the war, including the foibe killings. Nearly half a million Italians (including civilians) died in the conflict,[116] and the Italian economy had been all but destroyed; per capita income in 1944 was at its lowest point since the beginning of the 20th century.[117]. Travelling troupes of players would set up an outdoor stage and provide amusement in the form of juggling, acrobatics and, more typically, humorous plays based on a repertoire of established characters with a rough storyline, called canovaccio. Statuto Speciale per il Trentino-Alto Adige, Art. Mussolini announced Italy’s entry into World War II in June 1940 from the same balcony. [115] Hostilities ended on 29 April 1945, when the German forces in Italy surrendered. Its largest EU trade partners, in order of market share, are Germany (12.9%), France (11.4%), and Spain (7.4%). Luca Pacioli established accounting to the world. The Po Valley is the largest plain in Italy, with 46,000 km2 (18,000 sq mi), and it represents over 70% of the total plain area in the country.[151]. Petrarch's love poetry served as a model for centuries. Enter the answer length or the answer pattern to get better results. However, about 20% of Italian Jews were killed during the Holocaust. In 2004 there were 43 major seaports, including the seaport of Genoa, the country's largest and second largest in the Mediterranean Sea. The parliament is perfectly bicameral: the two houses, the Chamber of Deputies that meets in Palazzo Montecitorio, and the Senate of the Republic that meets in Palazzo Madama, have the same powers. Some of them include the Palio di Siena horse race, Holy Week rites, Saracen Joust of Arezzo, Saint Ubaldo Day in Gubbio, Giostra della Quintana in Foligno, and the Calcio Fiorentino. Subsequently, in the 18th century, Italian Rococo was mainly inspired by French Rococo, since France was the founding nation of that particular style, with artists such as Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and Canaletto. Winters can vary widely across the country with lingering cold, foggy and snowy periods in the north and milder, sunnier conditions in the south. It also has been plagued with perennial housing shortages and traffic congestion. Bari, Italy is the capital of Puglia, the region in the heel of the Italian “boot.” It’s also a major transport hub not only for Puglia, but for ferries and cruise ships leaving the port for other destinations in the Mediterranean. It was legally merged into the administrative unit of Italy in 42 BC by the triumvir Octavian as a ratification of Caesar's unpublished acts (Acta Caesaris). Life expectancy in Italy is 80 for males and 85 for females, placing the country 5th in the world for life expectancy. [424][425] Italy's national football team is one of the world's most successful teams with four FIFA World Cup victories (1934, 1938, 1982 and 2006). Italy's varied geological structure, including the Alps and the Apennines, Central Italian woodlands, and Southern Italian Garigue and Maquis shrubland, also contributes to high climate and habitat diversity. [352] Smoking in public places including bars, restaurants, night clubs and offices has been restricted to specially ventilated rooms since 2005. By the way, have a look at some of the Venetian dishes you should taste on your Venice getaway! As part of NATO's nuclear sharing strategy Italy also hosts 90 United States B61 nuclear bombs, located in the Ghedi and Aviano air bases.[202]. Hypotheses for the etymology of the name "Italia" are numerous. From there you can reach Venice (Piazzale Roma)in 20 minutes by a regular bus service. Italy has a parliamentary government based on a mixed proportional and majoritarian voting system. The mid-1940s to the early 1950s was the heyday of neorealist films, reflecting the poor condition of post-war Italy.[421][422]. Quality goods in which Italy specialises, particularly the already mentioned wines and regional cheeses, are often protected under the quality assurance labels DOC/DOP. Students are given a basic education in Italian, English, mathematics, natural sciences, history, geography, social studies, physical education and visual and musical arts. (2011) city, 2,617,175; province, 3,997,465; (2007 est.)
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